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語(yǔ)法題析---謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-2-8 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

一、主謂一致

  1. 主謂的分隔原則

   S, ---,VO

   主謂之間可以用定從及省略形式的定從分隔

   * 主謂一致與主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)

  2. 定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

   ...noun.+that / which +V

   * that, which并不反映單復(fù)數(shù)

   one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 復(fù)V

   the only one of 復(fù)n + that/which + 單V

  3. 隨前一致

   together with, as well as, with, including, of

  4. 隨后一致

   not 單n. but 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V

   not only 單n. but also 復(fù)n. + 復(fù)V

  5. 就近一致

   單n. or 復(fù)n.

   either 單n. or 復(fù)n.

   neither 單n. nor 復(fù)n.

   is he or we... 對(duì)

   he or we are... 對(duì)

  6. 可數(shù)名詞and可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

   不可數(shù)名詞and不可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

   例外:war and peace is / was

   black and white is / was

   bread and butter is / was

   to love and to be loved is/was

  7. 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)

   most, rest, half, majority, some, 50 percent, one percent

   …+of +n. +V 由名詞決定動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

  8. 倒裝句中的主謂一致

   There be...

   between , among 等介詞位于句首,即引起倒裝

   Between ...+ be + noun.

   Among...+ be + noun.

   主 + 系 + 表

   主系關(guān)系要一致,系表關(guān)系可以不一致

  9. The+ adj.

   a. 表示“一類人”用復(fù)數(shù)V

   The rich are ridiculous

   b. 表示某一抽象概念

   The good is attractive

  10. one of + 復(fù)數(shù)noun. + 單V

   more than one 單數(shù)noun. + 單數(shù)V

   many a + 單noun. + 單V

   a + 單noun. or + two + 單V: a day or two

   news 單數(shù) measles 不可數(shù)

   the series 用is/are從上下文得出

  二、時(shí)態(tài)

  1. in + 過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

  2. before + 過(guò)去年份,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)

  3. for/since:

   for后跟時(shí)間段,可用現(xiàn)在完成和一般過(guò)去時(shí)

   since 后跟時(shí)間點(diǎn),只能跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

   I have been a teacher for 3 years.

   I have been a teacher since 1996.

   I was a teacher for 3 years.

  4. 自然現(xiàn)象、真理描述用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

   時(shí)態(tài):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)混用

      一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)混用

  三、語(yǔ)態(tài)   考主被的混用

   一個(gè)證明,二個(gè)位于,三個(gè)需要,四個(gè)情感

  1. 證明:prove(vi) + to be + n./adj.

   prove(vt) + sth./that +句子

   my advice proved to be wrong

  2. 位于:locate永遠(yuǎn)考被動(dòng)

   situate 主動(dòng):把...放置;確定位置

   被動(dòng):位于

  3. 需要:need, want, require

   情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need+動(dòng)詞

   實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 to do sth. / doing = to be done

  My watch need repairing. (主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)= …to be repaired. )

  4. 情感:please, annoy, surprise, move

   I am pleased. 主語(yǔ)高興

   he news is pleasing. 令人高興使...高興(心煩、驚訝、感動(dòng))

   Franklin is so moved.

   The story is so moving.  

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