初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句子成分整合

　　一、句子成分精講

　　句子成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等。

　　主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)

　　1、主語(yǔ)

　　一個(gè)句子中需要加以說(shuō)明或描述的對(duì)象。主語(yǔ)的位置：

　　The school is far from here. 名詞做主語(yǔ)

　　She goes to school by bike.

　　Eight is a lucky number.

　　The blind need more help. 代詞做主語(yǔ) 數(shù)詞做主語(yǔ) 名詞化的形容詞做主語(yǔ)

　　There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語(yǔ)

　　Predicting the future is interesting.

　　To be a doctor is my dream.

　　2、謂語(yǔ)

　　表示人或事物(主語(yǔ))的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài).

　　英語(yǔ)中由動(dòng)詞be、動(dòng)詞have和行為動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

　　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往由一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的構(gòu)成。 分析句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)

　　Mr. Li teaches English.

　　He can play the piano.

　　My parents and I are having dinner.

　　3、表語(yǔ)

　　用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。

　　表語(yǔ)的位置

　　用在動(dòng)詞be和系動(dòng)詞的后面。

　　名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞等都可以和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。 Your pen is on the desk.

　　He got very angry.

　　My dream is to have a robot. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ) 不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)

　　常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞

　　1. be動(dòng)詞

　　2. 與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等

　　3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等

　　上述兩類(lèi)詞作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用形容詞作表語(yǔ),千萬(wàn)不能用副詞。

　　4、賓語(yǔ)

　　是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。.

　　及物動(dòng)詞:直接接賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.

　　不及物動(dòng)詞:不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.

　　賓語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句構(gòu)成.

　　I saw a plane in the sky just now.

　　I want three. 名詞做賓語(yǔ) 數(shù)詞做賓語(yǔ)

　　I like going shopping. 動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)

　　We think predicting the future is hard.

　　5、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)) 賓語(yǔ)從句

　　有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之外, 還須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如果沒(méi)有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)), 有時(shí)候句子的意思就不完整。 充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有:

　　1. 形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

　　The sun keeps us warm.

　　2. 介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):

　　I found her in the room.

　　3. 副詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　Please let him in.

　　4. 名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　We made him monitor of the class.

　　5. 動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　I asked him to come.

　　6、定語(yǔ)

　　定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語(yǔ)里的……的)

　　1. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)(一般放在被修飾語(yǔ)之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在后面)

　　They have a clever son.

　　I have something important to tell you.

　　2. 名詞作定語(yǔ):

　　Is it a color film?

　　名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:

　　school bus, ticket office, paper flowers

　　但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop

　　man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語(yǔ),如:

　　men drivers , women doctors

　　3. 代詞作定語(yǔ):

　　This song is better than that one.

　　4. 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ):

　　There are only thirty students in our class.

　　帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.

　　a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy

　　5. 副詞作定語(yǔ)():

　　Do you know the young man over there?

　　6. 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)(放在被修飾詞之后):

　　The students in our class like swimming.

　　7、狀語(yǔ)

　　, .

　　1. 副詞作狀語(yǔ):

　　The old man is walking slowly.

　　The boy is very clever.

　　2. 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ): 表方式 表程度

　　I have lived in Shanghai for five years.

　　3. 不定式作狀語(yǔ) 表時(shí)間

　　I come here to see you.

　　4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 表目的

　　The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式

　　5. 狀語(yǔ)從句

　　We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

　　狀語(yǔ)的位置

　　1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。

　　We like our school very much.

　　2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ),可以把它放在句首.

　　I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

　　3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,

　　用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后

　　I usually get up early.

　　He is often late.

　　一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似 sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末

　　only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.

　　The actor only sang a song.

　　Only the actor sang a song.

　　The actor sang only one song.

　　兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語(yǔ)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序

　　1. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)在前, 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在后.

　　We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

　　2. 較小單位的狀語(yǔ)在前,由小到大

　　Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

　　3. 一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)不同種類(lèi)的副詞作狀語(yǔ), 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時(shí)間副詞 She sang very well at the meeting last night.

　　時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫

　　Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.

　　初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句子成分練習(xí)

　　初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法綜合練習(xí)題

　　1、 A.ask B.answer C.to ask

　　2、We'll try there on time.

　　A.to get B.getting C.got

　　3、They hoped their mother soon.

　　A.to see B.saw C.seeing

　　4、I'm glad A.meet B.met C.to meet

　　5、He often helps me my bike.

　　A.mending B.to mend C.to mended

　　6、I heard Alice in the next door.

　　A.sings B.sang C.sing

　　7、 it by himself.

　　A.do B.to do C.doing

　　8、He saw Dick in and take a book away.

　　A.came B.coming C.come

　　9、Does Jack want A.be B.is C.to be

　　10、The boss had them A.worked B.working C.work

　　11、It's time A.to go B.went C.going

　　12、 you.

　　A.to help B.help C.helped

　　13、Don't forget your books to school.

　　A.bring B.to bring C.brought

　　14、I don't know A.where does he live B.what is he doing

　　C.where he lives D.what he is dring it

　　15、Ask him how much A.did it cost B.cost it C.it costed D.it costs

　　16、 used for.

　　A.what was this room B.which was this room

　　C.what this room was D.that this room was

　　17、I really don't know A.where he was born B.where he is born

　　C.where was he born D.where is he born

　　18、We have no idea A.how worried was he B.how worried he was

　　C.that was he worried D.what was he worried

　　19、He wanted to know there.

　　A.how long time I had been B.how long had I been

　　C.how long I had been D.how long I was

　　20、My mother wants to know A.how is Tom getting along B.how he is getting along(相處)

　　C.what is he getting along D.what he is getting along

　　21、What shall we do A.if B.when C.since

　　22、手術(shù) was over.

　　A.before B.after C.until

　　23、 A.when B.until C.because

　　24、 A.if B.while C.because

　　25、Finish doing your homework A.before B.until C.after

　　26、The film was

　　A.as, as B.So(形容詞), that C.Such(名詞), that

　　27、he heard a girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room.

　　A.Before B.As soon as C.after

　　28、There are in Class Two.

　　A.as many, than B.as much, as

　　C.more, than D.so many, as

　　29、I was watching TV, my sister was litening to the radio programme.

　　A.After B.While C.Before

　　30、Let's wait for him A.until, will come B.until, came

　　C.if, will come D.until, comes

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